Yuval Noah Harari’s writing seeks answers to critical questions about human nature. He asks what makes humans unique and powerful and addresses the responsibility that comes with our power. Harari does not believe that Sapiens were unique from our inception as a species, instead seeing our present uniqueness as a product of centuries of evolution. His ideological approach is firmly rooted in evolutionary science. Although Harari’s book presents Sapiens as an exceptional species, he counters the religious exceptionalism of creationist narratives: those that assert that humanity was divinely created rather than produced through biological evolution. In Harari’s view, this evolutionary trajectory is essential to Sapiens’ success, particularly our ability to cooperate in large groups in incredibly effective ways. 

The framing ideology of Harari’s book presents the success of the human species as the result of inherently positive characteristics, even if this success has had some negative consequences, especially for the natural world. He identifies the definitive human skills as adaptability, cooperation, and ingenuity, which, in his argument, are driven by humans’ ability to create narratives, belief systems, and social structures—what he terms “storytelling.” The book’s exploration of storytelling is closely linked to its ambivalent presentation of religion and belief. Harari has previously claimed that religion is the “greatest human fiction,” an idea that informs the argument and ideological basis of Unstoppable Us (Gabbai, Arik.