The Casebook of Victor Frankenstein

The Casebook of Victor Frankenstein is a historical fantasy novel by Peter Ackroyd in which Mary Shelley's imagined creations, Dr. Frankenstein and his Creature, exist in the same reality as Shelley, her husband, Percy Bysshe Shelley, John Keats, and Lord Byron. In the novel, the Creature, meant to be the most beautiful creation in the world, is monstrous and has disgusting, base human instincts that cause Frankenstein to abandon it immediately after he has brought it to life. The result is the monstrous destruction of Shelley's world, creating a fantastical alternative literary history of one of the earliest science fiction writers in English literature.

The book opens as Swiss doctor Victor Frankenstein meets Percy Bysshe Shelley at Oxford. Frankenstein is a young medical student and Bysshe Shelley a fledgling Romantic poet, who talks to Frankenstein about the idea of a perfect creature, without class or society or religion, who could exist unencumbered by the stigmas and regulations of his upbringing. In Ackroyd's telling, Bysshe Shelley was the one to suggest the use of “animal electricity” in the style of acclaimed scientist Signor Galvani to reanimate the corpse of a man to create the “dream child” of Romanticism.

Ackroyd provides a solid history in the then-popular idea of resurrectionists or “sack em up men” and anatomists, describing Frankenstein's experimentation with the electricity of the cerebellum. Finally, Frankenstein chooses a body – the corpse of an acquaintance named Jack Keat (named, of course, after the poet) – and goes to work attempting to reanimate him.



Much to his surprise, Frankenstein succeeds. Though Frankenstein chose Keat's body because he thought the man had “the most beautiful corpse [he'd] ever seen,” the Creature himself is a monstrosity, contrary to nature, and Frankenstein is appalled by the work that he has done. Once beautiful when dead, the Creature becomes ugly and terrifying, angry with his creator, Frankenstein, for making him at all. He blames Frankenstein for giving him life when he did not seek it or want it, calling Frankenstein “the agent of his misfortune” – the phrase of another famous poet, Milton, later quoted by Byron when the thinkers meet at the iconic Villa Diodati.

After being animated, the Creature Keat begins to destroy everything. He attacks Bysshe Shelley's first wife, Harriet Westbrook who was in real-life the educated daughter of a London entrepreneur but who in Ackroyd's adaptation is a poor girl from the East End whom Bysshe Shelley saves from the gutter. Though in history, Westbrook was said to have drowned herself at the knowledge that Bysshe Shelley was abandoning her for Mary Shelley, his second wife, in this story, Harriet Westbrook is brutally murdered by the Creature, leaving Bysshe Shelley free to remarry his more famous partner when he meets her later in the novel.

Overall, Ackroyd explores not only the literary figures of the time, but the foundational texts behind Mary Shelley's original Frankenstein, providing insight into the Jewish Golem legend through the adaptation of a Catholic doctor into a Jewish one, and quoting from a number of texts that inspired Shelley during her writing period. He also draws clear connections to the real origin story of Frankenstein – Shelley was said to have written the novel during the “Year Without a Summer” when she, Percy Shelley, and Lord Byron, among other figures, were vacationing at the Villa Diodati. She wrote the story after an evening of ghost stories, and it became the first work of science fiction written in English literature.



The novel is suspenseful, with an abrupt, surprise ending that has a literary flourish to match the rest of the novel, but which left many critics scratching their heads at its speed and brevity.

Peter Ackroyd is a historian and novelist with an interest in historic London and English history. He has written more than a dozen historical novels, nearly twice as many biographies and works of non-fiction about famous Londoners and London history, and has published four volumes of poetry. He has also adapted a number of his stories for television. He has won two Whitbread Awards, a Booker Prize for Fiction, a James Tait Black Memorial Prize, and in 2003, was appointed a Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire, among other honors.