Several characters in the novel are dealing with the trauma and pain of abuse, which is often transferred to other characters—and in some cases taken out on themselves. Within Gerald’s family, there are complex cycles of abuse, which Gerald is the first to break out of, encouraging the possibility of a new chapter for his family by the end of the novel.

Monique is a complicated character since she is abusive with her children, but she is also abused by her husband. However, she lives in denial and refuses to see Jordan’s actions as abusive. She claims, “he’s a man…he’s stronger and tougher,” which makes it okay for him to be “a little rough sometimes” (60). Although Monique does not acknowledge Jordan’s actions as abusive, she tends to pass on this abuse to her children. For example, when Gerald confronts her about Jordan’s behavior, she “[throws] her purse at him” (79). This is just one instance of many throughout the novel wherein Monique directs physical or verbal abuse towards her children after being beaten or berated by Jordan.

In contrast to Monique, Angel internalizes the abuse she receives. For instance, when Jordan is arrested, she asks Gerald if she’s “bad” because “Jordan is going to get in trouble because of [her]” (78).