In 1998, Shin was 15 and working on an urgent project that involved building an electric dam. The Soviet Union had supplied North Korea with cheap fuel until the 1990s but, when this ceased, the oil-based generators stationed in North Korea’s cities came to a halt. The government had therefore become conscious of the need for a reliable source of electricity. Still, under the Kim dynasty, the North Korean government has yet to build a reliable electricity grid, and there is not enough power in the country to maintain consistent lighting—even in Pyongyang.

The building of hydroelectric plants has thus been a priority since the 1990s, and this is an ideological as well as a practical matter, as the official stance is that national pride goes hand in hand with self-reliance. However, self-reliance is impossible in such an ill-governed country, and North Korea continues to depend on financial assistance from abroad. In fact, it would have lost the Korean War and vanished as a state had it not been for China’s help. Likewise, South Korea provided the country with food and fertilizer from 2000–2008, which also helped ensure a degree of peaceful coexistence. Despite this stark reality, the North Korean government issues frequent propaganda championing the country’s self-reliance.